Commerce Nation

Basics of Computers

CHAPTER 1 BASICS OF COMPUTER




WHAT IS COMPUTER?

Computer is an electronic device which is used to store the data, as per given instructions it gives results quickly and accurately.


  • Data: Data is a raw material of information.
  • Information: Proper collection of the data is called information.


Characteristics of Computer

A.  SPEED:   In general, no human being can compete to solving the complex                                         computation, faster than computer.


B. ACCURACY: Since Computer is programmed, so whatever input we give it                                      gives result accurately.


C. STORAGE:  Computer can store mass storage of data with appropriate format.


D. DILIGENCE:  Computer can work for hours without any break and creating                                      error.


E. VERSATILITY:    We can use computer to perform completely different type of                                           work at the same time. 



F. POWER OF REMEMBERING:  It can remember data for us.



G. NO IQ:       Computer does not work without instruction.

H. NO FEELING:   Computer does not have emotions, knowledge, experience,                                            feeling.



Limitations of a Computer System:


A. Computers can’t Think:   Computers cannot think and they can’t do any job unless they are first programmed with specific instructions for same. They work as per stored instructions. Algorithms are designed by humans to make a computer perform a special task. This is also called artificial intelligence.


B. Computers can’t Decide: Computers are incapable of decision making as they do not possess the essential elements necessary to take a decision i.e. knowledge, information, wisdom, intelligence and the ability to judge.



C. Computers can’t Express their IdeasIn any type of research ideas plays a vital role. In this context, computers can’t express their ideas.


D. Computers can’t Implement:


Computer and its components:

Computer:  Computer itself a combination of different type of separate electronic                               device. i.e. Computer only will be computer if it has INPUT                                                DEVICE,  PROCESS UNIT, and OUTPUT DEVICE.


Central Processing Unit (CPU): It is heart and mind of the computer without this                                                            unit computer unable to process.


Keyboard:  This is an input device which is used to input the data into the                                      computer. 



Mouse: This is also an input device which is used to input the data into the computer.




Monitor: This is an output device which is used to show the result of the instructions.

There are variety of monitor available in the market such as, CRT Monitor, LCD Monitor, Touch Screen Monitor, TFT Monitor etc.




Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) : This is and electronic device which is                                                                                used to manage the power supply of                                                                                  computer.




Hard Disk (HDD) : This is used to store the data in massive amount. There are so                                       many types of HDD available in the market, i.e. SATA,                                                 PATA, External HDD, Internal HDD.




Printer: This is an output device which is used to show the result on the paper.                          There are plenty of printer available in the market like inkjet, Laser                          printer, dot matrix printer etc.




Universal Serial Bus (USB): This is used to connect the external device to the computer.




Ethernet Cable: This is used to connect computer with another computer.



CD/DVD ROM: This is used to store the data.



Speaker: This is an output device which is used to listen voice, songs, etc.



Mike: This is an Input device which is used to record the sound.



Laptop: This is complete computer which can be carried anywhere any time.



Netbook:  This is called mini laptop which is generally lighter and smaller than laptop.



Random Access Memory (RAM): This is called primary memory. This is also called main memory of the computer. Whatever data is written in this memory, is lost after switching off the system.



Read Only Memory (ROM):  This is called primary memory. Data is written in this memory by the vendor of the computer permanently.



Pen Drive: This is very popular device now a days for carrying data on move.



Blue Ray Disk: This is same as CD/DVD but only different is it can store multi time of data from CD/DVD and faster than CD/DVD.



Scanner: This is an input device which is used to scan the document for the soft copy.



LCD: It is known as Liquid Crystal Display. It is an output device as monitor.



Motherboard: It is a combination of electronic circuits.



Sound Card: This is also a combination of electronic circuits which helps to give out put in the form of sound.



Graphics Card: This is also a combination of electronic circuits which helps to give output the data into the monitor.


































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